How Sydney heats
Reverse cycle is the heating system you already own
Almost every ducted and split system sold in Australia is reverse cycle, which means it
heats as well as it cools. Instead of burning something or pushing current through an
element, it runs the refrigeration cycle backwards and moves heat from the outside air
into the house. There is usable heat in the air well below zero, which is why the same box
that cools you in January warms you in July.
The efficiency difference is not marginal. A resistance heater turns one unit of
electricity into one unit of heat and cannot do better. A reverse cycle system typically
moves three to five units of heat per unit of electricity, because transporting heat costs
far less than making it. That ratio falls as the outside temperature drops, which is the
whole reason the next section matters.
Capacity falls exactly when you need it
A heat pump is rated at a nominal outdoor temperature. As it gets colder outside there is
less heat available to move, so output drops and the system works harder to deliver it. On
the coldest mornings a unit sized on its headline figure can be running flat out and still
losing ground.
This is where Sydney stops being one climate. Camden Airport averages a July minimum of
3.2 degrees. Sydney Observatory Hill averages
8.9. That 5.7 degree gap sits inside a single metropolitan
area, and a system specified from a generic Sydney figure is being designed for the warmer
end of it.
July mean minimum temperature, Bureau of Meteorology 1991–2020 normals.
Full data for all 105 suburbs.
| Station | July mean min | Suburbs covered |
| Camden Airport | 3.2°C | Minto, Campbelltown, Leumeah +4 |
| Richmond RAAF | 3.6°C | Rouse Hill |
| Badgerys Creek | 4.1°C | Denham Court, Leppington |
| Penrith Lakes | 5.3°C | Penrith |
| Bankstown Airport | 5.4°C | Holsworthy, Wattle Grove, Hammondville +34 |
| Canterbury Racecourse | 5.7°C | Lidcombe, Strathfield, Burwood +3 |
| Horsley Park Equestrian Centre | 5.8°C | Fairfield, Bonnyrigg, Edensor Park +6 |
| Prospect Reservoir | 6.1°C | Blacktown, Seven Hills, Toongabbie |
| Parramatta North | 6.3°C | Parramatta, Merrylands, Granville +10 |
| Terrey Hills | 7.7°C | Dee Why, Brookvale, Hornsby |
| Sydney Airport | 8.6°C | Alexandria, Mascot, Randwick +9 |
| Sydney Observatory Hill | 8.9°C | Newtown, Balmain, Sydney CBD +8 |
What this changes about the install
Sizing is done against the design condition, not the average. For a home in the colder
half of that table the heating load, rather than the cooling load, is often what sets the
capacity, which is the opposite of the assumption most quotes are built on.
Zoning matters more in winter too. Heat rises, so a double-storey house on a single zone
will overheat upstairs while the living room never gets there. Splitting the zones is
cheap at design stage and expensive afterwards.
Outdoor unit siting is the third one. In cold, damp conditions the unit periodically runs
a defrost cycle, and a condenser tucked into a sunless side passage with poor airflow will
defrost more often and heat less. It is a five minute decision at quoting that changes how
the system performs for its whole life.